Insect pests of mango, viz. to manage the mango hopper ( amritodusatkinsoni l) using five insecticides: three chemicals (acetamiprid 20 sp, q-fos 25 ec and confidor 70 wg) with 3 concentrations (0.001%, 0.00125% and 0.0025%) and two botanicals (neem extract and mahogoniextract)with 3 concentrations (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) maintaining six replications of each to know their … Mangoes season is coming and that attracts fruit flies the most. In this context management modules viz., spraying of Metarhizium anisopliae . Chemical control. Insecticides containing pyrethrum, extracted from daisies, can . the chloropyrifos 40% ec 1ltr fmc is a product of fmc. Research Area . In Table.3 & Figure.1 all other economic parameters like Gross returns, Cost of cultivation, net . Presently insecticidal control is recommended for the management of mango hoppers. 1.4 Conversion of old sour mango tree to sweet mango tree. 1. Alternatively, affected mango trees can be treated with oil-based sprays containing the fungi Beauveria bassiana or Metarhizium anisopliae. Integrated pest management programs for mango must be based on sampling and on economic thresholds, and must take into account the effects of cultural practices, horticultural sprays and disease control on pest and natural enemy interactions. can reduce hopper populations. Mango Hopper (Amritodus atkinsoni) Phyllum- Arthopoda Class- Insecta Order - order Family - Cicadeliiida Genus - Amritodus Species - atkinsoni Taxonomy . Gross income was calculated based . Table 4: Management of Mango Hopper, Idioscopus clypealis, Using Chemical Insecticides and Neem Oil By Saidul Islam. Mardi (2010). A raw mango is around 84% water, 1% protein, 15% carbohydrates and negligible amount of fat. Chemical Control. Almost the entire range of insecticides has been used in attempts to control mango leafhoppers over the past 100 years. ----- is the scientific name of mango mealy bug -Drosicha mangifera 5. Mango leaf hopper •Follow common cultural, mechanical and biological practices Cultural control: . In any type of cultivation, fully red-colored mature fruits with a Brix of over 15° are harvested. Leafhoppers are one of the most abundant groups of plant feeding insects in the world with leafhopper and planthopper species outnumbering that of all species of birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians combined! Mango Pests & their Control. The mango fruit fly, Ceratitis cosyra (Walker), is also commonly known as the marula fruit fly, based on its common occurrence in these host plants. Presently insecticidal control is recommended for the management of mango hoppers. Management of mango hopper with newer chemical pesticides, entomopathogens and botanicals was carried out both under pot culture and field conditions during 2014-15 . In order to control mango hoppers, first spray of imidacloprid (0.005%, 0.3 ml per liter of water) should be done at early stages of panicle formation, if hopper population is more than 5 per panicle. Butani (1975) recommended spraying with 0.03% phosphamidon, diazinon or monocrotophos (0.05%) four to six times in mango season keeps the population of the pest under . Fresh mango contains only vitamin C and folate in significant amounts of the Daily Value as 44% and 11%, respectively (table). rose leafhopper, grape leafhopper, potato leafhopper, etc. enemies have been reported on mango hoppers, chemical control remains the widely followed means of hopper management. •Physical, Chemical, genetic -Chemical -IPM Industrial Entomology Pesticide residue Vertebrate pest management. Management studies were carried out in RBD and observations were recorded before and after spraying on 1,3,5,7,9,10 and 15 days. In Pakistan the current recommendation for the first fungicide application are before or at 20-30 percent flowering. during off years about six weeks after fruit set. II. Among the insect pests causing damage to mango the incidence of hoppers at flowering stage causes considerable yield loss. . Two- three sprays of the product at weekly intervals is recommend with recording of hopper infestation on panicles at flowering for effective control of the pest. Recommended Dosage: 10ml/pump (OR) 100ml/acre. Heavy puncturing and continuous draining of the sap . This booklet deals elaborately with all the entomological . Cultural control • Use varieties that are resistant to planthoppers. Control (i) Chemical : The adult fruitflies can be controlled by bait sprays of carbaryl (0.2%) + protein hydrolysate (0.1%) or . Adults and Nymphs suck sap from flowers, causing drying of flowers and subsequent dropping. They are very expensive, but they satisfy urban consumers in replace of the low quality imported mango (10,000 t/year). Soil drenching with paclobutrazol (5g -10g/tree) results . Pest and Diseases Mango hopper (Amaritodus atkinsoni) Spray phosalone @ 0.05% or carbaryl 2 g/ lit or phosphamidon 1 m1/litre. Yousuf Mian said normally farmers applied chemical insecticides and pesticides in farming fields, killing all the insects including the useful ones causing environmental degradation. Chemical insecticides, Imidacloprid (0.3%), Endosulfan (0.5%), Cypermethrin (0.4%), and Neem oil (3%) were effective in managing mango hopper in comparison to the control. Contents [ show] 1 How to care for Mango Trees. mealy bug, hopper, midge, fruit fly could be managed through IPM schedule involving banding of tree trunk with alkathene . During dry season, diseases are lesser problems thus ordinary fungicide can be used. Chemical options are often used to control mango scale and, when used in conjunction with both . Abstract. When sprayed, it supplies the potassium deficiency of the tree and in the process, induces flowering. Although among the three insecticides tested, imidacloprid exhibited the highest efficiency against the pest. al„ (1969)- Spraying the mango trees with 0.1% Endosulfan and 0. Removal of weeds and alternate host plants like hibiscus, custard apple, guava etc. it inhibits an enzyme of the nervous system (acetylcholine esterase), this causes convulsions, paralysis and final death of insect. Pruning of overcrowding and over lapping branches should be done in the month of December. Management The management of this insect pest should be largely based on cultural control rather than chemicals because it's been found that the hoppers have become resistant to some pesticides. Hopper (Idioscopus clypealis, Idioscopus nitidulus and Amritodus atkinson) : Of all the mango pests, hoppers are considered as the most serious and widespread pest throughout the country.Large number of nymphs and adult insects puncture and suck the sap of tender parts, thereby reducing the vigour of the plants. Flowering control is imperative to both types, so some good methods are expected to be established. Basic requirements Mango trees grow best in tropical or subtropical climates where there is no danger of frost and especially in areas where the rainfall over the four summer months (June to September) totals 75 to 250 cm (30 to 100 in) and is followed by 8 months of dry weather. Chemical control . 2. A recent study conducted on Idioscopus clypealis, a mango pest, compared the efficacy of three synthetic pesticides, endosulfan, cypermethrin, and imidacloprid, along with environmentally friendly neem oil, against the mango hopper. These have been well reviewed by Sohi and Sohi (1990). Management of Mango Hopper, Idioscopus clypealis, Using Chemical Insecticides and Neem Oil. Insect pests: The mango hoppers are a major insect pest of mango. 2. Herein, do mangoes get fruit fly? Adult: Adult mango leafhoppers are golden-brown or dark brown, wedge-shaped insects about 4-5 mm in length whichlook rather like a small cicada. . To control anthracnose, use systemic fungicide and to control mango hopper and tip/twig borer, use insecticide. Bayer Confidor insecticide has long residual action with low dose recommendations, so it's safer for the environment. The farmers mainly rely on combination of chemical insecticides for its management which apart from causing unwarranted issues reduces the chance of export of choice varieties and value products. Nymphs look like smaller adult leafhoppers, but they do not have wings and therefore, jump about if bothered. The studies carried out for evaluation of newer insecticides for control of mango hopper revealed that imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.004% was found to be most effective in reducing mango hopper which was on par An experiment was conducted in Field Laboratory, Department of Entomology at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during 2013 to manage the mango hopper, Idioscopus clypealis L, using three chemical insecticides, Imidacloprid (0.3%), Endosulfan (0.5%), and Cypermethrin (0.4%), and natural Neem oil (3%) with three replications of each. the mango hopper but both of them showed moderate efficacy at 1.0% concentration for the3hours after treatment. Chemical control: Powdery mildew of mango is a cureable disease. Always consider an integrated approach with preventive measures together with biological treatments if available. The chemical symbol of this compound is KNO3. This contains 13% nitrogen and 46% potash, thus, 13-0-46. Gaikwad et al [4] reported higher incidence of mango hopper in high density mango orchards at spacing 5 m x 5 m than mango planted at 10 m x 5 m and 10 m x 10 m with population of 23.4, 20.4 and 15.8 hoppers per inflorescence. pollution. 2. • Grow early maturing varieties to have a rice-free period of more than 1 month to break pest cycle. Three botanical pesticides namely Neem oil, Mahogoni oil and Karanja oil and a chemical pesticide, cythrin 10 EC and a net barrier as a mechanical control were evaluated in controlling mango hopper. Imidacloprid showed the highest efficacy in percentage of reduction of hopper population at 72 hours after treatment in case of 2nd spray. population and less toxicity to natural enemies of mango hopper. . To study the chemical control strategies for hopper in mango, the following modules (T able 1) were coined and implemented on cv. An important mechanism for hopper control should be the use of fungal entomopathogenous. 4. Pests, on the other hand, will be the major problem so learn to check the presence of insects and use appropriate insecticide. They range from the use of inorganic insecticides such as sulphur to petroleum oils, fish-oil soap and organochlorine compounds. Impact of insecticides on mango pests and their natural enemies Observations were recorded on pest and Natural Enemies (NEs) population at fortnightly intervals. Cythrin 0.2% was found to be most effective in controlling mango hopper but percentage of fruit set was relatively lower than cythrin 0.10% and 0.15%. Results and discussion The results revealed that the incidence of hopper started in the first week of January (1th meteorological standard week . Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra is selected for the impact assessment of chemical pesticides on mango ecology. it has rain fastness. To manage mango hopper pest, avoid dense planting and keep the orchard clean by regular ploughing and removal of weeds. 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