Second, we introduce an efficient technique for mapping visual receptive fields (RFs) and apply it to map RFs of neurons from the visual cortex of head-fixed marmosets. 1. The clusters of receptive fields were recorded within .1 mm of each other on the cortical surface. This paper traces the history of the visual receptive field (RF) from Hartline to Hubel and Wiesel. However, pRFs are only estimates of aggregate voxel-based averages of ten to hundreds of thousands of neurons within fMRI voxels and are a function of (i) the receptive field (RF) sizes of single units belonging to a voxel, (ii) the local This includes the distinction and hierarchy between simple and c … Fig. Abstract. Only qualitatively has it been suggested that state . 1. V1 neurons transform information (unlike LGN cells whose receptive fields look just like those of ganglion cells) so that they are orientation selective and direction . He called this area the RF, using a term first introduced by Sherrington (1906) in the . High throughput, rapid receptive field estimation for global motion sensitive neurons using a contiguous motion noise stimulus. Receptive fields have been identified for neurons of the auditory system, the somatosensory system (see cutaneous receptive fields ), and the visual system (see visual receptive fields . Eye Movements Modulate Visual Receptive Fields 759 Figure 2. Visual receptive fields farther from the fovea . Abstract. For the sample of receptive field sizes and stimulus locations in our study, this corresponded to an average shift of 3.0° of visual angle or 22% of the receptive field diameter. The influence of attention on visual cortical neurons has been described in terms of its effect on the structure of receptive fields (RFs), where multiple stimuli compete to drive neural responses and ultimately behavior. This body of data, in combination with the tractability of the murine . Spatiotemporal Responses of a V4 Neuron (a) CRF, perisaccadic-RF, postsaccadic-RF, fixation target (FT), and saccade target (ST). In the present study, we examined the receptive field properties of single neurons isolated in the lateral division of this complex (the LPI). The visual receptive field physiology and anatomical connections of the lateral intraparietal area (area LIP), a visuomotor area in the lateral bank of the inferior parietal lobule, were investigated in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).Afferent input and physiological properties of area 5 neurons in the medial bank of the intraparietal sulcus (i.e., area PEa) were also determined. The concepts presented in this work can be easily transferred to other species. In contrast, previous studies using moving bar stimuli have reported that visual receptive fields (RFs) in VIP are headcentered for a substantial proportion of neurons. Visual receptive field organization Increasingly systematic approaches to quantifying receptive fields in primary visual cortex, combined with inspired ideas about functional circuitry, non-linearities, and visual stimuli, are bringing new interest to classical problems. We stimulated the frontal eye field (FEF) of passively fixating monkeys and produced changes in V4 responses similar to known effects of voluntary attention. Neurons in inferotemporal cortex (area TE) of the monkey had visual receptive fields which were very large (greater than 10 by 10 degrees) and almost always included the fovea. For an ON-center cell to fire, it needs to be stimulated by light mainly on its center, while for an OFF-center cell, it fires when the light is mainly on its surround. It features a 3 minutes long driving sequence mostly on freeways and highways at a somewhat regular speed. No VIP neuron was found to have head-centered visual heading tuning, and only a small proportion of cells had reference frames that were intermediate between eye- and head-centered. The receptive field, as modified by recent discoveries, is still used today to experimentally characterize cortical neurons. Figure 1 A traditional definition of the notion of a receptive field is as a region in the visual field for which a visual sensor/neuron/operator responds to visual stimuli. Dynamics of visual receptive fields in the macaque frontal eye field. Together, this will promote diversification of the animal model landscape and solidify the . Learned receptive fields from (a) Miikkulainen et al. A receptive field constitutes a region in the visual field where a visual cell or a visual operator responds to visual stimuli. Video explaining the concept of receptive fields in vision. Shown here are oriented Gabor patterns with the same phase and spatial frequency (dark represents inhibitory region and bright excitatory region). If this cell is in the visual system it could be located in the retina or lateral geniculate nucleus or even the visual cortex. ulation receptive fields (pRFs) in retinotopically organized visual areas (5-7). This syndrome is observed primarily after unilateral lesions to the parieto . For sensory receptor neurons, the receptive field is the type of effective stimulation (e.g., light, sound, mechanical pressure) and the range of sensitive locations (e.g., center of visual field, left auditory field, tip of right thumb). This paper traces the history of the visual receptive field (RF) from Hartline to Hubel and Wiesel. The highlighting of contrast borders and ignoring of redundant information explains why the neural image appears different. Neurons in the primate association cortices have long been known to be spatially selective but a detailed characterisation and direct comparison of RFs between frontal and parietal association cortices are missing. Most of the useful visual information is from borders/outlines, so this is a method of ignoring redundant information. However, a quantitative analysis of visual receptive field properties had not been performed in the mouse superior colliculus (SC) despite its importance in mouse vision and its usefulness in developmental studies. the region of the visual field in which light stimuli evoke responses in the ganglion cell. A traditional definition of the notion of a receptive field is as a region in the visual field for which a visual sensor/neuron/operator responds to visual stimuli. To determine if mismatch responses in layer 2/3 neurons of mouse primary visual cortex have receptive fields, we used a virtual reality system that allowed us to manipulate visual feedback selectively in small parts of the visual field. The purpose of the current study is therefore threefold: (1) to quantitatively describe visual receptive field properties in the SC of wild-type mice, (2) to reveal cortical influence on SC receptive fields, and (3) to determine the requirement of visual experience in SC receptive field development. Knowing the receptive field properties of a neuron helps to understand its possible function in the brain. Visual cortical receptive fields have a Gabor-like pattern, with different orientation, phase, and spatial frequency. One function of a centre-surround set-up is to highlight the contrast at borders. Over the past nearly half century since visual responses were first described in the mammalian visual cortex (Hubel and Wiesel, 1962), there has been intensive research into the neural circuit and developmental mechanisms that give rise to selective receptive field (RF) properties.However, although the description of visual encoding has become increasingly more quantitative . Eye Movements Modulate Visual Receptive Fields 759 Figure 2. The moving bar experiment is a classic paradigm for characterizing the receptive field (RF) properties of neurons in primary visual cortex (V1). The . A visual receptive field is the portion of the visual field that must be stimulated for a given neuron to fire. J. Neurosci. Taken together with the previous studies, the body of data we have built up on the visual receptive field and stimulus-tuning properties of mouse LGN cells will provide a substantial resource for those seeking to build a computational model of the early visual pathways. The influence of attention on visual cortical neurons has been described in terms of its effect on the structure of receptive fields (RFs), where multiple stimuli compete to drive neural responses and ultimately behavior. Introduction. Figure 2: On-center and Off-center receptive fields. The history of the visual receptive field (RF) from Hartline to Hubel and Wiesel is traced, paving the way for a better understanding of how objective properties of the external world are encoded to become subjective properties of a subjective, perceptual world. For instance, the entire area that an eye can see is called the visual field, and the patch of the visual field that any single neuron monitors is that cell's receptive field. Visual Receptive Fields (VRFs). Note that only parts of the original figures are shown. Current approaches for analyzing neural spiking activity recorded from these experiments do not take into account the point-process nature of these data and the circular geometry of the stimulus presentation. 3201 . Referring as it does to a region, a receptive field is fundamentally a spatial entity (a portion of the visual field or retina, or a portion of the body surface); that makes the most sense in the visual and somatosensory systems. In the earlier visual areas, neurons have simpler tuning. Action potential show of as spikes on the record. The rat visual system comprises cortical and subcortical pathways. Introduction. However, a quantitative analysis of visual receptive field properties had not been performed in the mouse superior colliculus (SC) despite its importance in mouse vision and its usefulness in developmental studies. See also: field. However, a fixed relationship between the two holds only for a fixed eye position. The receptive field properties of cells in the visual cortex have been extensively studied; however, the fundamental roles of the two circuits in visual information processing are not well understood. Receptive fields can be conceptualized as spatial tuning curves with an excitatory center and a suppressive surround, the latter of which is thought to consist of a classical surround underpinned by lateral (intra-areal) connections and a wider extraclassical surround linked to feedback connections from higher order visual areas [8, 26-29]. For each location in visual space, all of the trials (~115) for an On stimulus are ranked and represented as dots, where the relative intensity of red hue corresponds to the strength . J Neurophysiol, 114(6). To assess physiological consequences of this change, we have measured visual receptive-field size in a primary retinal target, the superior colliculus. A means of recording the acivity of the cell. For example, a neuron in V1 may . 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